What are the methods of drinking water disinfection?

Drinking water safety is one of the things we must pay attention to in our daily lives

Bacteria exceeding the standard is a major problem in drinking water safety

If the drinking water bacteria exceeds the standard, it may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea

In serious cases, you may suffer from various diseases, endangering human health

Therefore, disinfection of drinking water is an important measure to prevent intestinal diseases.

What are the common ways to disinfect drinking water?

Physical boiling method

Heating the water temperature to sterilize the role of sterilization, which is our usual life boiling water, this disinfection method is reliable and convenient, from ancient times to the present, is still a more common method in our daily lives.

Bleach disinfection method

Bleach is a widely used disinfectant, the main component of which is calcium hypochlorite. Bleaching powder produces highly unstable hypochlorous acid in contact with water, which is easily decomposed to produce oxygen and chlorine atoms, producing powerful and rapid disinfection through oxidation and chlorination.

Bleach can kill bacterial spores, viruses, and fungi, and is commonly used for the disinfection of tap water.

Ozone disinfection method

Ozone is the most widely used purification substance in the work of water purification treatment at this stage.

Ozone is used for drinking water treatment, in addition to good sterilization effect, and no secondary pollution, but also decolorization, deodorization, removal of iron, and manganese, oxidative decomposition of organic matter, and coagulation, it is widely used for oxidation, decolorization, deodorization, bleaching, sterilization, ozone dissolved in water, almost can kill all the harmful substances in water, such as Iron, manganese, chromium, salt, phenol, benzene, oxides, etc.

It can also decompose organic matter and exterminate algae, etc. The International Health Organization has conducted a comparison of its sterilization efficacy, that ozone and other properties of bactericides on the killing effect of E. coli in the following order: ozone > hypochlorite > hydrogen oxide > silver ions > hypochlorite > perchlorite > chloramine 0.

Ultraviolet disinfection method

UV using physical disinfection (ultraviolet UVC) process, ultraviolet disinfection sterilization principle of UV disinfection, can be widely used in drinking water, swimming pools, hospital sewage disinfection; disinfection, rural drinking water disinfection sterilization algae; food disinfection, residential living community drinking water.

When various bacteria and viruses in the water or air pass through the UV (253.7nm wavelength) irradiation area, UV penetrates the cell membrane and nucleus of microorganisms, destroying the molecular chain of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), making them lose the ability to replicate or lose activity and die, so as to kill all bacteria and viruses in the water or air without the use of any chemical drugs.

Ultraviolet disinfector sterilizer equipment device for the overflow type, sterilization speed, high efficiency, good results, according to the water treatment requirements irradiation for a few seconds, you can eliminate bacteria in the water, sterilization rate of 99.99%.

Filtration and disinfection method

Filtration and disinfection process, the reverse osmosis method is more commonly used, the treatment effect is also better, and is widely used in barrels of pure water, community drinking water, home drinking water, factory drinking water, and other occasions.

The principle of filtration is to apply a higher external pressure than the osmotic pressure of the solution on the raw water side of the semi-permeable membrane, and when the raw water passes through the semi-permeable membrane, only water is allowed to pass through, and other substances cannot pass through and are retained on the membrane surface.

The reverse osmosis method can remove more than 90 % of dissolved salts and more than 99 % of colloidal microorganisms and organic matter from water.

In particular, the reverse osmosis purification brackish water device powered by wind and solar energy is an economic and reliable way to solve the problem of people’s living water in areas without electricity and conventional energy shortage.

The reverse osmosis desalination method is not only applicable to seawater desalination but also suitable for brackish water desalination. Among the existing desalination methods, reverse osmosis desalination is the most economical, and it has even surpassed electrodialysis desalination.

Since the driving force of the reverse osmosis process is pressure, no phase change occurs during the process, and the membrane only plays the role of “sieving”, the energy consumption required for the separation process of reverse osmosis is low.

Among the existing desalination of seawater and brackish water, reverse osmosis is the most energy-efficient method.

Reverse osmosis membrane separation is characterized by its “broad-spectrum” separation, that is, it can not only remove various ions in water but also remove particles larger than ions, such as most organic matter, colloids, viruses, bacteria, suspended matter, etc., so reverse osmosis separation method is also known as a broad-spectrum separation method.

The reverse osmosis method has the advantages of no phase change, room temperature operation, simple equipment, high efficiency, less land occupation, easy operation, less energy consumption, a wide range of adaptation, high degree of automation, and good quality of water output.

Drinking water sources are susceptible to contamination, and water in the pipeline network may also be contaminated by microorganisms in the process of transmission, so disinfection is required to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms and other harmful microorganisms to ensure the safety of residents’ drinking water.